1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bootstrap tether капитализация bitcoin hack bitcoin iota cryptocurrency
купить bitcoin
ethereum bonus sec bitcoin carding bitcoin currency bitcoin программа bitcoin приложение tether bitcoin token
dance bitcoin It might start with the most obviously over-priced financial assets, such as negative yielding sovereign debt, but everything will be on the chopping block. As the rotation occurs, non-bitcoin asset prices will experience downward pressure, which will similarly create downward pressure on the value of debt instruments supported by those assets. The demand for credit will be impaired broadly, which will cause the credit system as a whole to contract (or attempt to contract). That in turn will accelerate the need for quantitative easing (increase in the base money supply) to help sustain and prop up credit markets, which will further accelerate the shift out of financial assets and into bitcoin. The process of definancialization will feed on itself and accelerate because of the feedback loop between the value of financial assets, the credit system and quantitative easing.перевести bitcoin bitcoin history Type of wallet: Cold wallet1024 bitcoin
ethereum фото bitcoin atm half bitcoin machines bitcoin bitcoin exchanges купить ethereum ethereum график bitcoin приват24
bitcoin luxury blender bitcoin
collector bitcoin finney ethereum bitcoin api bitcoin sec future bitcoin service bitcoin вывод bitcoin обновление ethereum raiden ethereum bitcoin видеокарты blake bitcoin bitcoin инструкция bitcoin минфин wikileaks bitcoin ethereum заработок copay bitcoin generate bitcoin bitcoin безопасность top bitcoin ethereum plasma bitcoin stealer wallet tether ethereum miners
bitcoin capital 2018 bitcoin monero новости bistler bitcoin bitcoin ставки monero алгоритм ethereum btc pay bitcoin ethereum проекты bitcoin net bitcoin fork bitcoin machine bitcoin продать bitcoin компьютер платформы ethereum bitcoin free заработка bitcoin 20 bitcoin банк bitcoin отзывы ethereum cryptonator ethereum ethereum видеокарты bitcoin курс ethereum com обмена bitcoin monero пулы ethereum contracts bitcoin song bitcoin info bitcoin puzzle bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin 2020 monero pools bitcoin hack casper ethereum A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency or crypto for short) is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange wherein individual coin ownership records are stored in a ledger existing in a form of computerized database using strong cryptography to secure transaction records, to control the creation of additional coins, and to verify the transfer of coin ownership. It typically does not exist in physical form (like paper money) and is typically not issued by a central authority. Cryptocurrencies typically use decentralized control as opposed to centralized digital currency and central banking systems. When a cryptocurrency is minted or created prior to issuance or issued by a single issuer, it is generally considered centralized. When implemented with decentralized control, each cryptocurrency works through distributed ledger technology, typically a blockchain, that serves as a public financial transaction database.bitcoin greenaddress
bitcoin airbit bitcoin frog компания bitcoin ethereum twitter bitcoin hyip monero windows bitcoin количество bitcoin лотерея dogecoin bitcoin обменники bitcoin the ethereum карты bitcoin краны monero r bitcoin bitcoin lurk
bitcoin trader bitcoin переводчик криптовалют ethereum метрополис ethereum bitcoin cryptocurrency команды bitcoin bitcoin кран bitcoin доходность tether майнинг bitcoin математика bitcoin services
etoro bitcoin
bitcoin payeer china bitcoin bitcoin primedice кредит bitcoin buying bitcoin case bitcoin iphone tether email bitcoin bitcoin запрет seed bitcoin bitcoin кошелька etoro bitcoin nicehash monero ethereum контракт tether верификация bitcoin cards bitcoin сети monero обмен film bitcoin trading bitcoin сети ethereum payoneer bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin коллектор accepts bitcoin Looking forwards, considering the amount of publicity bitcoin received as of April 2013, there can be no reasonable grounds for complaint for people who did not invest at that time, and then see the value (possibly) rising drastically higher.purchase bitcoin It was a bit of the so-referred to as darkish internet the place customers may purchase illicit drugs. Even where Bitcoin is authorized, many of the laws that apply to other belongings also apply to Bitcoin. Tax laws are the realm where most people are prone to run into trouble. For tax functions, bitcoins are normally handled as property quite than currency.tether скачать 0 bitcoin Coinbase rewards are governed by a predetermined supply schedule and currently, 12.5 new bitcoin are issued in each valid block; in approximately eight months, the reward will be cut in half to 6.25 new bitcoin, and every 210,000 blocks (or approximately every four years), the reward will continue to be halved until it ultimately reaches zero. If miners include an invalid reward in a proposed block, the rest of the network will reject it as invalid which is the base mechanism that governs a capped total supply of 21 million bitcoin. However, software alone is insufficient to ensure either a fixed supply or an accurate transaction ledger; economic incentives hold everything together. bitcoin рублей 4000 bitcoin php bitcoin steam bitcoin bitcoin xbt bitcoin ютуб rx580 monero mine ethereum trade cryptocurrency описание ethereum bitcoin synchronization nodes bitcoin
bitcoin обои usa bitcoin карты bitcoin обменник bitcoin tether ico bitcoin advcash course bitcoin safe bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin symbol 2016 bitcoin
bitcoin луна app bitcoin bitcoin халява cryptocurrency law monero калькулятор ethereum coin bitcoin мошенники monero freebsd 2016 bitcoin Centralized organizations have let us down.roboforex bitcoin bitcoin торги In fact, certain sites have proven impossible for the government to take down altogether. Take the example of The Silk Road, which is a brazen website selling illicit drugs. US Senator Chuck Schumer expressed angst in this regard, though he’s pitifully impotent to remove the site because it exists on what’s known as the 'dark web,' on servers hidden via cryptography. If the above-ground Bitcoin websites are shut down, the below-ground sites will flourish. And every time a high profile site is taken down, Bitcoin would get free publicity around the world.The function of credit markets, stock markets and financial intermediation will still exist, but it will all be right-sized. As the financialized economy consumes fewer and fewer resources and as monetary incentives better align with those that create real economic value, bitcoin will fundamentally restructure the economy. There have been societal consequences to disincentivizing savings, but now the ship is headed in the right direction and toward a brighter future. In that future, gone will be the days of everyone constantly thinking about their stock and bond portfolios, and more time can be spent getting back to the basics of life and the things that really matter.3d bitcoin email bitcoin github ethereum bitcoin hardfork mercado bitcoin top bitcoin bitcoin valet logo ethereum bitcoin 3 waves bitcoin ethereum инвестинг 4pda tether alien bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin ethereum transactions
value bitcoin bitcoin global эпоха ethereum покупка bitcoin падение bitcoin sgminer monero monero bitcointalk tether bootstrap bitcoin программа bitcoin hesaplama
bitcoin aliexpress бесплатный bitcoin ethereum wiki cryptocurrency price ava bitcoin обменники ethereum ethereum calc ethereum стоимость продажа bitcoin ethereum game monero dwarfpool the ethereum topfan bitcoin будущее ethereum
moto bitcoin monero курс btc bitcoin blake bitcoin ethereum бесплатно перевод ethereum bitcoin вклады
sha256 bitcoin bitcoin zebra bitcoin расчет top bitcoin bitcoin map ethereum конвертер bitcoin wm ethereum claymore monero address bitcoin nvidia ethereum пул bitcoin step bitcoin cash new bitcoin bitcoin матрица bitcoin office alipay bitcoin bitcoin бонусы
bitcoin in nxt cryptocurrency king bitcoin kaspersky bitcoin эпоха ethereum bitcoin fan bitcoin exe boxbit bitcoin счет bitcoin bitcoin electrum mac bitcoin bitcoin prices bitcoin bonus монета ethereum перевод tether 5.0bank bitcoin конференция bitcoin компания bitcoin bazar bitcoin видеокарты ethereum
bitcoin pdf reverse tether bitcoin paper анонимность bitcoin bitcoin haqida kurs bitcoin ethereum создатель
bitcoin монеты tether bitcointalk cranes bitcoin купить bitcoin dwarfpool monero вики bitcoin bitcoin office bitcoin sweeper arbitrage bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin rub wikipedia ethereum ethereum ann пул monero google bitcoin escrow bitcoin bitcoin комиссия monero benchmark miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin in poloniex monero bitcoin start bitcoin euro bitcoin pools сети ethereum tether android code bitcoin swarm ethereum faucet cryptocurrency Ultimately, it comes down individual needs. In general, if you want to minimize fees and maximize security for a large Bitcoin purchase, then maintaining your own Bitcoin wallet and private keys is the rock-solid way to go, but has a learning curve. If you want to just buy a bit and maintain some exposure and maybe trade it a bit, some of the exchanges are a good way to get into it. For folks that want to have some long-term exposure to it through dollar-cost averaging, Swan Bitcoin is a great place to start.rbc bitcoin
king bitcoin bitcoin rig ethereum упал куплю bitcoin ethereum монета tether комиссии bitcoin portable bitcoin 2048 Once installed, your node can then connect to the Ethereum network where it can then 'talk' to other nodes, to catch wind of the latest transactions and blocks. In addition to mining ether, a client provides an interface for deploying your own smart contracts and sending transactions using the 'command line,' an interface programmers can use to type out commands to the computer.x2 bitcoin сайт ethereum ethereum telegram bitcoin miner
bitcoin hub dollar bitcoin bitcoin заработать talk bitcoin майнер monero приват24 bitcoin network bitcoin bitcoin мерчант ethereum проблемы вклады bitcoin bitcoin fund
bitcoin crash bitcoin приложения r bitcoin bitcoin goldman hash bitcoin автомат bitcoin
bitcoin отзывы security bitcoin заработок bitcoin автомат bitcoin goldmine bitcoin bitcoin основатель up bitcoin monero hashrate ethereum charts bitcoin eobot genesis bitcoin facebook bitcoin bitcoin pdf
ethereum rub ethereum доллар bitcoin accelerator adc bitcoin
bitcoin miner адрес bitcoin bitcoin форк
bitcoin hd xapo bitcoin
bitcoin suisse bitcoin машины cryptocurrency trade 2016 bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin деньги bitcoin bitcoin alien bitcoin автоматически анализ bitcoin асик ethereum bitcoin china roulette bitcoin monero price
bitcoin anonymous rotator bitcoin bitcoin minecraft bitcoin shops cryptocurrency charts bitcoin xt bitcoin pay кости bitcoin
locals bitcoin logo bitcoin Market Riskbitcoin earning icons bitcoin ethereum заработок monero пулы прогнозы ethereum linux bitcoin
ethereum кран top tether ethereum перевод poloniex ethereum bitcoin шахты
bitcoin 1070 network bitcoin bitcoin paw bitcoin nodes bitcoin security bitcoin trust
Other critical opinions
